Path Integral Approach in Theoretical Physics talks about the path integral approaches involved in the field of theoretical physics. It includes pure functions, elliptic feynman integrals, multi-regge kinematics and the scattering equations. This book also discusses about l-functions for meromorphic modular forms and sum rules in conformal field theory, application of path integral for multi-field inflation, variational path-integral approach to back-reactions of composite mesons in the nambu-jona-lasinio model, dual representation for the generating functional of the feynman path-integral and boundary integral method for modelling vibroacoustic energy distributions in uncertain built up structures.

Sustainable manufacturing promotes minimizing or eliminating production and processing wastes through eco-efficient practices, and encourages adopting new environmental technologies. A large and growing number of manufacturers are realizing substantial financial and environmental benefits from sustainable business practices. This book brings together large ranges of research and analysis under the theme of the design and sustainable manufacturing. This Book includes the manufacturing method of "sustainable" products (e.g. manufacture of renewable energy) and the sustainable manufacturing of all products. The Book describes concepts and familiarity with essential tools to practice sustainable engineering, which includes the life-cycle assessment, organizational resilience, energy efficiency and alternative energy, design and sustainable manufacturing, and environmental engineering. Studies emerge a framework of sustainable manufacturing in order to reduce the environmental impact.

Manufacturing is the transformation of material into something useful and portable. A Manufacturing System is a set of machines, transportation elements, computers, storage buffers, people, and other items that are used together for manufacturing. This book brings together a wide range of published research and development studies under the manufacturing systems. The Book reviews the model control, production planning and tools for manufacturing. Furthermore, that studies a production approach to reduce cost. This study brings criteria for manufacturing. It embraces electronic, mechanical and automatic design field. These studies demonstrate that whatever the nature of the manufacturing organization or the product being manufactured, all manufacturing systems have a number of common feature like to reduce time of manufacturing and to meet the market in the most cost-effective manner.

Thermal power plants are one of the most important process industries for engineering professionals. The most fundamental challenge is meeting the growing power demand in sustainable and efficient ways. Therefore, technological advancement is the requirement of the hour in every field of industrialization for improvement in their efficiencies by reduction in operating expenditure, judicious utilization of natural resources and protection damage to our natural environment. There will come a day when much quantity will be limited like charcoal. In addition, the use of these fossil fuels results in greater pollution, despite the measures taken. The details of the research results and the new development in fields are highlighted in this book. The subject looked after research and development, starting from power generation to environmental aspects of power plants. With regards to the thermal power plants research, the technological advance discussed in this book include experimentation, investigation assessment and analysis new models, new processes and control process concept for improving efficiencies and reducing emissions of CO. Advances of the use of solar energy to realize a new type of thermal power plant are also discussed.

Measurement systems include all components in a chain of hardware and software that leads from the measured variable to process data. New measurement techniques and technologies will stimulate innovation in products, processes and services, and also help to develop new skills in the workforce. With regards to measurement systems research and development, the advances discussed in this book provide new research ideas and new techniques for measurement systems in various fields as in nanotechnology, in robotic, in electricity, in optical systems and others. This book described the design and the concept of the monitoring, the control of processes and operations. Many different aspects of this field are explored in a vast number of different ways. The experimental engineering analysis is also discussed to check behaviour of the systems and to validate theoretically predict.

The construction of an appropriate performance measurement system is an important objective that every company is facing today. Measurement is a multidisciplinary experimental science. This book discussed the synergy between science and engineering. With regards of Applied Measurement Systems, this book illustrated the diversity of measurement systems, and provided in-depth guidance for specific practical problems and applications. Also discusses new methods to provide fundamental data for research, design and development, control of processes and operations, and facilitate safe and economic performance of systems. This study permits to understand which are the decisive factors in a measurement system. This literature could help too engineers and technical managers responsible for timely delivery of clearly valid test data in testing laboratories or whose product quality organizations depend on these tests. That summarized various applications in different field. This book is suitable for scientists and engineers and for practicing measurement.

The instrumentation control in the engineering design process is that of the system allowing the engineers to see and understand what is going on within all the different processes being used by the process in the engineering design being tested. With regards to subject, this book discussed the design process, the elements of a successful project, the specific issues to address in a well-designed instrumentation and control system, and the engineering products that enable practical design and successful maintenance. The specifics advances discussed in this book include the experimentation, simulation and the characterization of the instrumentation behavior. Therefore, this book introduces new research idea and development to bring the systems becoming very efficient and require the very minimum of human intervention.

Electrical measurements and instrumentation are generally at the heart of industrial process control and manufacturing. To implement equipment systems and infrastructure investment will depend on the extent of electrical quantities to cover, but also the level of uncertainty sought for calibrations. With regards to subject, this book discussed a comprehensive overview of the various tools and instruments for electrical measurement, technical characteristics of existing analog and digital devices. The advances discussed in this book provide an innovative measurement system, a technical electrical testing, a characterization of various parameters and experimentation to check the behaviour of the equipment. Analysis and modeling are carried out to assess the performance of measurement. Furthermore, this book describes some applications in various fields as in medical, in pharmaceutical, in energy measurement and control, in computer vision and others. This book is suitable for engineers, quality control technician and researchers.

Composites are one of the most widely used materials because of their adaptability to different situations and the relative ease of combination with other materials to serve specific purposes and exhibit desirable properties. In surface transportation, reinforced plastics are the kind of composites used because of their huge size. They provide ample scope and receptiveness to design changes, materials and processes. The strength-weight ratio is higher than other materials. Their stiffness and cost effectiveness offered, apart from easy availability of raw materials, make them the obvious choice for applications in surface transportation. Composite materials have a wide range of properties and uses, making them the most common building and manufacturing materials in use today. They are created by combining two different components in order to create a new material with different properties than those which were started with. Concrete, fabric blends, paint, particle board, plastics, glass and even paper are all examples of composite materials. Metallic alloys are a different type of composite, requiring metal ores to be combined in extreme conditions. These metal composites are often used in items such as utensils, ornaments, trinkets, statues and as building materials. In 1940 fiberglass was invented and the modern era of composite materials began. The basic premise of a modern composite material is some sort of fiber material for the structure, and some sort of plastic or glue to hold the shape and provide strength. These fiber-reinforced plastic composites are used in manufacturing boat and kayak hulls, swimming pool liners, turbine blades, sporting goods and many other possible applications. Composite materials distinguish themselves from other plastics products of synthesis by characteristics which allow them properties of inalterability and low weight, to substitute for metal pieces. Since a few years, the market of composite materials doesn't stop growing. In the present day scenario, use of advanced composite materials has been extended to a large number of segments. The details of the research results and the new development in fields are highlighted in this book. The subject discussed the advances of specific idea and technologies. With regards to composite materials research, the specifics advances discussed in this book include the experimentation, investigation and the characterization of the behavior mechanical, physical property for new products. Advances of the use of the composite materials to produce a new material like nano composite and the applications are also discussed.

An Operating System (OS) is an interface between a computer user and computer hardware. An operating system is a software which performs all the basic tasks like file management, memory management, process management, handling input and output, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers. An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer. It manages the computer's memory and processes, as well as all of its software and hardware. It also allows you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the computer's language. Without an operating system, a computer is useless. There are many functions those are performed by the operating system. But the main goal of operating system is to provide the interface between the user and the hardware. The development of operating systems is ruled both by the evolution of hardware architectures and evolving application requirements. Furthermore, the rapid growth development of smartphones and tablets has changed the software distribution ecosystem. This book explores the operating computer and mobiles devices systems. With regard to operating systems, the specifics advances discussed in this book include the boot process method, the improvement of global system performance for reliable starting, design method of managing shared resources and services. Method, design and implementation of security mechanism tool for countering the attack of the operating system are also discussed in this book. Other studies were explored in this literature to develop a new structure to better manage software games, to improve human machine interaction and development of embedded system.

A Multimedia System is a system capable of processing multimedia data and applications. A Multimedia System is characterized by the processing, storage, generation, manipulation and rendition of Multimedia information. The aim of multimedia system is to provide a creative and effective way of producing, storing and communicating information. The application areas of multimedia are marketing, training, education, entertainment, etc. Multimedia is not a product literally of the term, neither a technology sector as such, but a hybrid, resulting from the merger of technologies until then largely independent. Multimedia is the use of a computer to present and combine text, graphics, audio, and video with links and tools that let the user navigate, interact, create, and communicate. This definition contains four components essential to multimedia. First, there must be a computer to coordinate what you see and hear, and to interact with. Second, there must be links that connect the information. Third, there must be navigational tools that let you traverse the web of connected information. Finally, because multimedia is not a spectator sport, there must be ways for you to gather, process, and communicate your own information and ideas. If one of these components is missing, you do not have multimedia. The multimedia is realized in dynamic way and daily through forms of communications carried out by the individuals on different web spaces. Furthermore, all sectors of economic and social activity (including health, education and training, entertainment, commerce and communications) are transformed by the multimedia. With regard to multimedia system, this book discussed details innovative research ideas, emerging technologies, state-of-the-art methods and tools in all aspects and applications. The literature explored method of processing to increase processor power, optimization of power consumption, storage structures, video management, traffic method routing in real time and transportation. Modeling and simulation of novel algorithm to improve speed execution getting a better interactive session are also described.

The design of a device has long been a matter of experiences from the engineers in charge of the work. They were quickly faced with problems related with constraints. That is due to the increase data rates, operational frequencies and the miniaturization of devices to reduce their size and weight. With regards to engineering electromagnetics, this book discusses method and design to control the electromagnetic field effect in the systems. This literature proposed models using numerical electromagnetic calculation to simulate the behavior of device and to validate the efficiency and accuracy of the method which turns out to be highly efficient and accurate for the solution to electromagnetic problems. Also, to design a device, optimization methods that achieve the desired performance are discussed in this book. First chapter presents an approach on microwave imaging under oblique illumination. In second chapter, we discuss optimization of a WBAN system which uses wireless communication technology to monitor physiological and environmental parameters of firefighters and their exposure to hazardous environmental conditions. Third chapter explores on piezoelectric and electromagnetic conversion mechanisms, and fourth chapter aims to design and develop a solenoid for miniaturized segment robots with linear and turning motions. Fifth chapter covers on the effect of electromagnetic fields with the mg2+ cyclotron frequency and sixth chapter presents an overview of radially polarized random electromagnetic beam. Exploitation of electromagnetic models is highlighted in seventh chapter. The main aim of eighth chapter is to introduce the grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm to the electromagnetics and antenna community. Ninth chapter presents a study on the rollover characteristic of in-wheel-motor-driven electric vehicles considering road and electromagnetic excitation. In tenth chapter, we describe exposure devices, SAR determination methods, and biological responses observed after plant exposure to EMF. Eleventh chapter explores on evolutionary algorithm geometry optimization of optical antennas. Twelfth chapter examines the strong relation between grain size, porosity, density, and magnetic properties of Ni-Zn ferrite at high frequencies, with a view of forming certain material design directions. In thirteenth chapter, a new process is presented in order to design filters based on the leakage current and the frequency components of the DC link current. Influence of growth rate and magnetic field on microstructure and properties of directionally solidified Ag-Cu eutectic alloy is presented in fourteenth chapter. In fifteenth chapter, the electromagnetic simulation of graphene is introduced and some widely used computational electromagnetic methods for graphene modeling are reviewed. The advantages and drawbacks of each method are discussed and numerical examples of these methods are given to illustrate their performance and application. Sixteenth chapter presents a hybrid approach for fast computation of multiple incident angles electromagnetic scattering problems with compressive sensing and adaptive cross approximation. A theoretical study of the reflection of infrared radiation from antiferromagnets and M-type barium hexagonal ferrite using an attenuated total reflection geometry has been presented in seventeenth chapter. Eighteenth chapter will focus on how to model contacted balls and regular polyhedrons to simulate the packing particles. It can also be employed in the modeling of packing particles with complex shapes. Rectification of RF fields in load dependent coupled systems has been presented in nineteenth chapter. In twentieth chapter, we will fully take the target Radar Cross Section (RCS) feature into account to propose a novel RFAT echo generation method for missile-borne SAR. Twenty first chapter presents an overview on electromagnetic acoustic transducers and twenty second chapter presents a study on electromagnetic acoustic transducers. Twenty third chapter presents an approach on design options for the upgrade of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter and last chapter reviews on electromagnetic contribution to charge symmetry violation in parton distributions.

Heat transfer is one of the most common physical phenomena. Most devices include heat sources and heat exchange with the environment. The problem of thermal management has become essential in many industrial sectors. It especially impacts the electronics industry for many years due to the increasing density of components. Thereby, the effects of significant overheating during thermal cycling in electronic components are numerous and affect both the reliability and durability of components and power circuits, compromising the operation and safety of complex systems. Furthermore, the sharing of a common thermal environment increasingly restricted by several heat sources makes the thermal coupling between critical and unpredictable components especially as cooling paths can be multiple. With regards to engineering heat transfer, this book discussed the applied thermal process, the work on the temperature control component. The research objects are addressed experimentally and numerically and lead to innovative design, also made in laboratory. The design of engineering project and development of model for heat transfer process are also carried out on this book to enable the study of systems and to optimize the design.

Presenting the basic mechanisms for transfer of heat, this book gives a deeper and more comprehensive view than existing titles on the subject intended for students of mechanical, chemical, aeronautical, and metallurgical engineering, or as a reference for professionals in industry, The text addresses the implications, limitations, and meanings of many aspects of heat transfer, connecting the subject to its real-world applications.

Future Manufacturing Systems examines various future aspects of manufacturing systems including an extensive historical overview of manufacturing systems and related concepts. It includes definitions of construction of cyber-physical system-integrated smart manufacturing workshops and smart manufacturing systems for industry. Provides the reader with insights into the development of its history, so as to understand the future innovations in manufacturing systems.

Nowadays, the use of nanomaterials for development of nanomedicine and biosensors has gained significant importance due to their ability to revolutionize diagnosis and treatment of fatal diseases such as cancer, tumors, etc. This book provides an overview of how these imaging particles can be designed to fulfill specific requirements for applications across different imaging modalities.

Since the early start of mechanical uprising, manufacturers are reliably attempting to enhance the qualities of their manufactured products and proficiency of the manufacturing processes. Man began manufacturing from very basic level to deliver extremely simple products to make his life less difficult. There were no machines and gadgets, all the manufacturing work was finished by hand and the standard things of daily utilization, for example, hatchet and sledge were utilized as devices for help with manufacturing operation. As, time passed, man found numerous new wonders of nature, the information of science, technology, designing, engineering and administration advanced and deliberate studies on manufacturing were begun. Today, Manufacturing has developed to an enormous level, it has turned into a tremendous subject.it has turned into a many disciplinary approach which is a combination of numerous sciences, designing, management, business and so forth. The latest couple of years have witnessed matchless changes all through the global industrial economy. Speedy changes in the business divisions demand assortment of item and product life cycles together with first class items at low expenses. Customers now request astoundingly elevated amounts of value and enactment. This worldwide trend and market rivalry has spurred industrial firms to scan for dynamic and motorized manufacturing systems in all fields. Thus, many manufacturing procedures, innovations and frameworks have come in presence and research is as yet preceded in this field and some new, drastically extraordinary optimized manufacturing procedures, advancements and frameworks are predicted to appear in the coming years. The purpose of this book is to give a depiction of present day industrial engineering and industrial management practices with novel procedures which are extensively playing a pivotal role in the industrial procedures and frameworks. This book introduces a snapshot of the all-around prospecting industrial world alongside the most recent market issues and how they are being tended to. This book is of interest for graduate level audience who are keen to get in touch with industrial engineering systems, processes and technologies. This book is also of interest for manufacturers and technical staff working in today's innovative industrial corporate world. The first chapter offers a general sight of industrial engineering and management, processes, technologies and techniques which are used for monitoring them. In the later chapters Management of industrial engineering projects, Estimation and assessment of engineering projects, Planning and progress control, Cost, material and document control, Procurement of materials and equipment, Quality assurance and quality control, Value management, Operational maintenance and Productivity have been explained.

Since the early beginning of industrial revolution, manufacturers are consistently trying to improve the characteristics of their products and efficiency of the manufacturing processes. Man started manufacturing from primitive style to produce very simple products to make his life easier. There were no machines and devices all the manufacturing work was done by hand and the ordinary things of daily use such as axe, hammer and chisels were used as tools for assistance in manufacturing operation. As, time passed, man discovered many new phenomenon of nature, the knowledge of science, technology, engineering and management evolved and systematic studies on manufacturing were started. Today, Manufacturing has grown to a tremendous level, it has become a vast subject. It has become an inter-disciplinary approach which is an integration of many sciences, engineering, management, commerce and finance disciplines etc. The most recent couple of years have seen unparalleled changes all through the world. Quick changes in the business sectors demand variety of product life cycles and top notch products at low costs. Clients now demand exceptionally high levels of quality and performance. This global trend and market competition has motivated product manufacturing firms to search for dynamic and mechanized manufacturing processes in all fields. In this way many manufacturing processes, technologies and systems have came in existence and research is still continued in this field and many new, radically different manufacturing processes, technologies and systems are expected to come into being in the coming years. The aim of this book is to provide a description of modern manufacturing practices and novel processes which are speedily replacing the conventional manufacturing processes and systems. This book presents a picture of the globally changing manufacturing world along with the latest market challenges and how they are being addressed. This book is of interest for graduate level audience who are keen to get in touch with new manufacturing systems, processes and technologies. This book is also of interest for manufacturers and technical staff working in today's innovative manufacturing corporate world. The first chapter provides a general view of advanced manufacturing systems, processes technologies and techniques which are used for controlling them. In the later chapters advances in material forming processes, joining processes, processing techniques, machining, material removal techniques, additive manufacturing, manufacturing process management , manufacturing process control are described and green manufacturing science, engineering, processes, technologies, implementation planning and framework have been described.

Sustainable Manufacturing takes into account the process of sustainable manufacturing along with modeling and tactics. It includes the application of nanotechnology for sustainable manufacturing and the severe challenges involved in sustainable manufacturing. It provides the reader with insights of sustainable manufacturing in order to understand the importance of sustainable manufacturing for global value creation, to analyze the issues and challenges involved in manufacturing and the future prospects of the sustainable manufacturing. This book also discusses about solution and execution perspective of sustainable manufacturing, sustainable manufacturing for global value creation, improvements in technology used for sustainable manufacturing and future aspects of sustainable manufacturing.